Fig. 3

Technical validation of integrated single-cell tissue datasets (kidney, liver, lung, and spleen). a Scatter plots showing the correlation between nCount_RNA (x-axis) and nFeature_RNA (y-axis). The correlation coefficient before integration (Rawdata) is 0.83, which increases to 0.9 after low-quality cells and doublets are removed. b Comparison of UMAP plots illustrating batch effect correction before and after integration across the four single-cell datasets under the same standard. c Annotation UMAP plot using established marker genes for the datasets. d Bar chart comparing the abundance of cell types across the four integrated single-cell tissue datasets. e Bubble chart of established marker genes for 12 cell types in the integrated single-cell data. Larger and darker bubbles indicate stronger specificity